- 7.2 Optimizing SELECT and Other Statements
- 7.2.1 Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN
- 7.2.2 Estimating Query Performance
- 7.2.3 Speed of SELECT Queries
- 7.2.4 WHERE Clause Optimization
- 7.2.5 Range Optimization
- 7.2.6 Index Merge Optimization
- 7.2.7 Condition Pushdown Optimization
- 7.2.8 Index Condition Pushdown Optimization
- 7.2.9 IS NULL Optimization
- 7.2.10 LEFT JOIN and RIGHT JOIN Optimization
- 7.2.11 Nested-Loop Join Algorithms
- 7.2.12 Nested Join Optimization
- 7.2.13 Outer Join Simplification
- 7.2.14 ORDER BY Optimization
- 7.2.15 GROUP BY Optimization
- 7.2.16 DISTINCT Optimization
- 7.2.17 Optimizing IN/=ANY Subqueries
- 7.2.18 LIMIT Optimization
- 7.2.19 Using optimizer_switch to Control the Optimizer
- 7.2.20 How to Avoid Table Scans
- 7.2.21 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Optimization
- 7.2.22 Speed of INSERT Statements
- 7.2.23 Speed of UPDATE Statements
- 7.2.24 Speed of DELETE Statements
- 7.2.25 Other Optimization Tips
In general, when you want to make a slow SELECT ...
WHERE query faster, the first thing to check is
whether you can add an index. All references between different
tables should usually be done with indexes. You can use the
EXPLAIN statement to determine
which indexes are used for a
SELECT. See
Section 7.2.1, “Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN”, and
Section 7.4.4, “How MySQL Uses Indexes”.
Some general tips for speeding up queries on
MyISAM tables:
To help MySQL better optimize queries, use
ANALYZE TABLEor run myisamchk --analyze on a table after it has been loaded with data. This updates a value for each index part that indicates the average number of rows that have the same value. (For unique indexes, this is always 1.) MySQL uses this to decide which index to choose when you join two tables based on a nonconstant expression. You can check the result from the table analysis by usingSHOW INDEX FROMand examining thetbl_nameCardinalityvalue. myisamchk --description --verbose shows index distribution information.To sort an index and data according to an index, use myisamchk --sort-index --sort-records=1 (assuming that you want to sort on index 1). This is a good way to make queries faster if you have a unique index from which you want to read all rows in order according to the index. The first time you sort a large table this way, it may take a long time.
User Comments
If you need to fetch a small number of rows from a table with 10s of millions of rows, LIMIT offset, n_rows will become increasingly slow as offset increases.
A way around this is to have a unique index that numbers the rows, and base your offset on that index. Example:
SELECT * FROM very_long_table WHERE id > 20000000 LIMIT 20;
is MUCH faster than
SELECT * FROM very_long_table LIMIT 20000000, 20;
SELECT * FROM very_long_table WHERE id > 20000000 LIMIT 20;
is MUCH faster than
SELECT * FROM very_long_table LIMIT 20000000, 20;
But it`s not the same thing ...
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