Copyright 1997-2008 the PHP Documentation Group.
MySQL Native Driver is a replacement for the MySQL Client Library (libmysql). MySQL Native Driver is part of the official PHP sources as of PHP 5.3.0.
The MySQL database extensions MySQL extension,
mysqli
and PDO MYSQL all communicate with the
MySQL server. In the past, this was done by the extension using
the services provided by the MySQL Client Library. The extensions
were compiled against the MySQL Client Library in order to use its
client-server protocol.
With MySQL Native Driver there is now an alternative, as the MySQL database extensions can be compiled to use MySQL Native Driver instead of the MySQL Client Library.
MySQL Native Driver is written in C as a PHP extension.
What it is not
Although MySQL Native Driver is written as a PHP extension, it is
important to note that it does not provide a new API to the PHP
programmer. The programmer APIs for MySQL database connectivity
are provided by the MySQL extension, mysqli
and
PDO MYSQL. These extensions can now use the services of MySQL
Native Driver to communicate with the MySQL Server. Therefore, you
should not think of MySQL Native Driver as an API.
Why use it?
Using the MySQL Native Driver offers a number of advantages over using the MySQL Client Library.
The older MySQL Client Library was written by MySQL AB (now Sun Microsystems, Inc.) and so was released under the MySQL license. This ultimately led to MySQL support being disabled by default in PHP. However, the MySQL Native Driver has been developed as part of the PHP project, and is therefore released under the PHP license. This removes licensing issues that have been problematic in the past.
Also, in the past, you needed to build the MySQL database extensions against a copy of the MySQL Client Library. This typically meant you needed to have MySQL installed on a machine where you were building the PHP source code. Also, when your PHP application was running, the MySQL database extensions would call down to the MySQL Client library file at run time, so the file needed to be installed on your system. With MySQL Native Driver that is no longer the case as it is included as part of the standard distribution. So you do not need MySQL installed in order to build PHP or run PHP database applications.
Because MySQL Native Driver is written as a PHP extension, it is tightly coupled to the workings of PHP. This leads to gains in efficiency, especially when it comes to memory usage, as the driver uses the PHP memory management system. It also supports the PHP memory limit. Using MySQL Native Driver leads to comparable or better performance than using MySQL Client Library, it always ensures the most efficient use of memory. One example of the memory efficiency is the fact that when using the MySQL Client Library, each row is stored in memory twice, whereas with the MySQL Native Driver each row is only stored once in memory.
Special features
MySQL Native Driver also provides some special features not available when the MySQL database extensions use MySQL Client Library. These special features are listed below:
Improved persistent connections
The special function mysqli_fetch_all
Performance statistics calls:
mysqli_get_cache_stats
,
mysqli_get_client_stats
,
mysqli_get_connection_stats
The performance statistics facility can prove to be very useful in identifying performance bottlenecks.
MySQL Native Driver also allows for persistent connections when
used with the mysqli
extension.
SSL Support
Currently, MySQL Native Driver does not support SSL. This means
that mysqli_ssl_set
will generate an error if
called while using MySQL Native Driver.
Compressed Protocol Support
As of PHP 5.3.2 MySQL Native Driver supports the compressed client
server protocol. MySQL Native Driver did not support this in 5.3.0
and 5.3.1. Extensions such as ext/mysql
,
ext/mysqli
, PDO_MYSQL
, that
are configured to use MySQL Native Driver, can also take advantage
of this feature.
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