A fontset is a list of fonts, each assigned to a range of character codes. An individual font cannot display the whole range of characters that Emacs supports, but a fontset can. Fontsets have names, just as fonts do, and you can use a fontset name in place of a font name when you specify the "font" for a frame or a face. Here is information about defining a fontset under Lisp program control.
fontpattern, [charsetname:fontname]...
Whitespace characters before and after the commas are ignored.
The first part of the string, fontpattern, should have the form of a standard X font name, except that the last two fields should be `fontset-alias'.
The new fontset has two names, one long and one short. The long name is
fontpattern in its entirety. The short name is
`fontset-alias'. You can refer to the fontset by either
name. If a fontset with the same name already exists, an error is
signaled, unless noerror is non-nil, in which case this
function does nothing.
If optional argument style-variant-p is non-nil, that says
to create bold, italic and bold-italic variants of the fontset as well.
These variant fontsets do not have a short name, only a long one, which
is made by altering fontpattern to indicate the bold or italic
status.
The specification string also says which fonts to use in the fontset. See below for the details.
The construct `charset:font' specifies which font to use (in this fontset) for one particular character set. Here, charset is the name of a character set, and font is the font to use for that character set. You can use this construct any number of times in the specification string.
For the remaining character sets, those that you don't specify explicitly, Emacs chooses a font based on fontpattern: it replaces `fontset-alias' with a value that names one character set. For the ASCII character set, `fontset-alias' is replaced with `ISO8859-1'.
In addition, when several consecutive fields are wildcards, Emacs collapses them into a single wildcard. This is to prevent use of auto-scaled fonts. Fonts made by scaling larger fonts are not usable for editing, and scaling a smaller font is not useful because it is better to use the smaller font in its own size, which Emacs does.
Thus if fontpattern is this,
-*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-*-*-*-*-fontset-24
the font specification for ASCII characters would be this:
-*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-ISO8859-1
and the font specification for Chinese GB2312 characters would be this:
-*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-gb2312*-*
You may not have any Chinese font matching the above font specification. Most X distributions include only Chinese fonts that have `song ti' or `fangsong ti' in the family field. In such a case, `Fontset-n' can be specified as below:
Emacs.Fontset-0: -*-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-*-*-*-*-fontset-24,\
chinese-gb2312:-*-*-medium-r-normal-*-24-*-gb2312*-*
Then, the font specifications for all but Chinese GB2312 characters have `fixed' in the family field, and the font specification for Chinese GB2312 characters has a wild card `*' in the family field.
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