.\" Copyright (c) 2001-2003 International Computer Science Institute
.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD: src/share/man/man4/pim.4,v 1.2 2004/07/09 09:22:36 ru Exp $
.\" $NetBSD: pim.4,v 1.4.24.1 2019/09/02 16:39:20 martin Exp $
.\"
.Dd September 4, 2003
.Dt PIM 4
.Os
.\"
.Sh NAME
.Nm pim
.Nd Protocol Independent Multicast
.\"
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Cd "options MROUTING"
.Cd "options PIM"
.Pp
.In sys/types.h
.In sys/socket.h
.In netinet/in.h
.In netinet/ip_mroute.h
.In netinet/pim.h
.Ft int
.Fn getsockopt "int s" IPPROTO_IP MRT_PIM "void *optval" "socklen_t *optlen"
.Ft int
.Fn setsockopt "int s" IPPROTO_IP MRT_PIM "const void *optval" "socklen_t optlen"
.Ft int
.Fn getsockopt "int s" IPPROTO_IPV6 MRT6_PIM "void *optval" "socklen_t *optlen"
.Ft int
.Fn setsockopt "int s" IPPROTO_IPV6 MRT6_PIM "const void *optval" "socklen_t optlen"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Tn PIM
is the common name for two multicast routing protocols:
Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) and
Protocol Independent Multicast - Dense Mode (PIM-DM).
.Pp
PIM-SM is a multicast routing protocol that can use the underlying
unicast routing information base or a separate multicast-capable
routing information base.
It builds unidirectional shared trees rooted at a Rendezvous
Point (RP) per group,
and optionally creates shortest-path trees per source.
.Pp
PIM-DM is a multicast routing protocol that uses the underlying
unicast routing information base to flood multicast datagrams
to all multicast routers.
Prune messages are used to prevent future datagrams from propagating
to routers with no group membership information.
.Pp
Both PIM-SM and PIM-DM are fairly complex protocols,
though PIM-SM is much more complex.
To enable PIM-SM or PIM-DM multicast routing in a router,
the user must enable multicast routing and PIM processing in the kernel
(see
.Sx SYNOPSIS
about the kernel configuration options),
and must run a PIM-SM or PIM-DM capable user-level process.
From developer's point of view,
the programming guide described in the
.Sx Programming Guide
section should be used to control the PIM processing in the kernel.
.\"
.Ss Programming Guide
After a multicast routing socket is open and multicast forwarding
is enabled in the kernel
(see
.Xr multicast 4 ) ,
one of the following socket options should be used to enable or disable
PIM processing in the kernel.
Note that those options require certain privilege
(i.e., root privilege):
.Bd -literal
/* IPv4 */
int v = 1;        /* 1 to enable, or 0 to disable */
setsockopt(mrouter_s4, IPPROTO_IP, MRT_PIM, (void *)&v, sizeof(v));
.Ed
.Bd -literal
/* IPv6 */
int v = 1;        /* 1 to enable, or 0 to disable */
setsockopt(mrouter_s6, IPPROTO_IPV6, MRT6_PIM, (void *)&v, sizeof(v));
.Ed
.Pp
After PIM processing is enabled, the multicast-capable interfaces
should be added
(see
.Xr multicast 4 ) .
In case of PIM-SM, the PIM-Register virtual interface must be added
as well.
This can be accomplished by using the following options:
.Bd -literal
/* IPv4 */
struct vifctl vc;
memset(&vc, 0, sizeof(vc));
/* Assign all vifctl fields as appropriate */
\&...
if (is_pim_register_vif)
    vc.vifc_flags |= VIFF_REGISTER;
setsockopt(mrouter_s4, IPPROTO_IP, MRT_ADD_VIF, (void *)&vc,
           sizeof(vc));
.Ed
.Bd -literal
/* IPv6 */
struct mif6ctl mc;
memset(&mc, 0, sizeof(mc));
/* Assign all mif6ctl fields as appropriate */
\&...
if (is_pim_register_vif)
    mc.mif6c_flags |= MIFF_REGISTER;
setsockopt(mrouter_s6, IPPROTO_IPV6, MRT6_ADD_MIF, (void *)&mc,
           sizeof(mc));
.Ed
.Pp
Sending or receiving of PIM packets can be accomplished by
opening first a
.Dq raw socket
(see
.Xr socket 2 ) ,
with protocol value of
.Dv IPPROTO_PIM :
.Bd -literal
/* IPv4 */
int pim_s4;
pim_s4 = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_PIM);
.Ed
.Bd -literal
/* IPv6 */
int pim_s6;
pim_s6 = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_PIM);
.Ed
.Pp
Then, the following system calls can be used to send or receive PIM
packets:
.Xr sendto 2 ,
.Xr sendmsg 2 ,
.Xr recvfrom 2 ,
.Xr recvmsg 2 .
.\"
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr getsockopt 2 ,
.Xr recvfrom 2 ,
.Xr recvmsg 2 ,
.Xr sendmsg 2 ,
.Xr sendto 2 ,
.Xr setsockopt 2 ,
.Xr socket 2 ,
.Xr inet 4 ,
.Xr intro 4 ,
.Xr ip 4 ,
.Xr multicast 4
.\"
.Sh STANDARDS
.\" XXX the PIM-SM number must be updated after RFC 2362 is
.\" replaced by a new RFC by the end of year 2003 or so.
The PIM-SM protocol is specified in RFC 2362 (to be replaced by
.%T draft-ietf-pim-sm-v2-new-* ) .
The PIM-DM protocol is specified in
.%T draft-ietf-pim-dm-new-v2-* ) .
.\"
.Sh AUTHORS
.An -nosplit
The original IPv4 PIM kernel support for IRIX and SunOS-4.x was
implemented by
.An Ahmed Helmy
(USC and SGI).
Later the code was ported to various
.Bx
flavors and modified by
.An George Edmond Eddy
(Rusty) (ISI),
.An Hitoshi Asaeda
(WIDE Project), and
.An Pavlin Radoslavov
(USC/ISI and ICSI).
The IPv6 PIM kernel support was implemented by the KAME project
.Pq Lk http://www.kame.net ,
and was based on the IPv4 PIM kernel support.
.Pp
This manual page was written by
.An Pavlin Radoslavov
(ICSI).