
Mondo Rescue and Mindi Linux HOWTO Hugo Rabson Cafeole Troff Randy Delfs
Mikael Hultgren Bryan J. Smith

$Date: 2002/08/20 00:48:04 $

   Mondo Rescue and Mindi Linux is a Disaster Recovery Solution which
   allows you to effortlessly backup and interactively restore Linux,
   Windows and other supported filesystem partitions to/from CD-R/RW
   media.
  _______________________________________________________________________

   Table of Contents
   1. [1]About this HOWTO

        1.1. [2]Purpose / Scope of this Guide
        1.2. [3]Feedback
        1.3. [4]Acknowledgments and Thanks
        1.4. [5]Version

   2. [6]QuickStart
   3. [7]Overview

        3.1. [8]Mondo Rescue
        3.2. [9]Mindi Linux
        3.3. [10]Linux Backup
        3.4. [11]Windows Backup
        3.5. [12]Mondo Rescue and Mindi Linux History

   4. [13]System Requirements

        4.1. [14]Hardware Requirements
        4.2. [15]Linux Kernel Support
        4.3. [16]Linux Kernel Modules
        4.4. [17]Related Linux Packages

   5. [18]Installation

        5.1. [19]Mindi
        5.2. [20]Mondo

   6. [21]Testing Mindi

        6.1. [22]Making a Test CD
        6.2. [23]Writing the Test CD image

   7. [24]Backup

        7.1. [25]Trying
        7.2. [26]Backup Command and Options

   8. [27]Compare
   9. [28]Restore

        9.1. [29]Overview
        9.2. [30]Restore-Related Tips

   10. [31]Troubleshooting/FAQ

        10.1. [32]Overview
        10.2. [33]General
        10.3. [34]Kernel/Linux/Booting
        10.4. [35]Installation
        10.5. [36]Hardware Related
        10.6. [37]Backup
        10.7. [38]Compare
        10.8. [39]Restore
        10.9. [40]Hugo

   List of Examples
   2-1. [41]A test backup
     _________________________________________________________________

Chapter 1. About this HOWTO

1.1. Purpose / Scope of this Guide

This HOWTO serves to help people get started with using mondo/mindi as way
to backup their system. This is a work constantly evolving and being
improved upon. It was was started by Hugo Rabson and has since been worked
upon by a number of people..

The newest version of this document can always be found on Mondo's homepage
[42]http://www.microwerks.net/~hugo/.

There are many ways to contribute to the Linux movement without actually
writing code. One of the most important is writing documentation, allowing
each person to share their knowledge with thousands of others around the
world. This HOWTO is designed to help you get familiar with how Mondo/Mindi
works.
     _________________________________________________________________

1.2. Feedback

This HOWTO is incomplete but accurate to the best of my knowledge. Please
provide and recommendations for improving this document in a separate e-mail
to Hugo Rabson at (<[43]hugo@firstlinux.net>) .The separate e-mail will
allow Hugo to easily forward the document-related recommendations to his
"document helpers." Include the section title and recommended changes.
Whenever possible, include the exact, spell-checked, grammar-checked text
that you think would improve the document.
     _________________________________________________________________

1.3. Acknowledgments and Thanks

Thanks goes to these people for helping and adding to this HOWTO.

Document maintainer:

     * Mikael Hultgren

   Original Design Assistance by:

     * Xion Network.com

   Document Assistance by:

     * Cafeole
     * Troff
     * Randy Delfs
     * Mikael Hultgren

   LinuxDoc and LaTeX Reformat by:

     * Bryan J. Smith

   DocBook Reformat by:

     * Mikael Hultgren
     _________________________________________________________________

1.4. Version

Based on original HTML: Release 1.1, 2002 Feb 23

Current DocBook:

$Id: Mondo-Rescue-Mindi-Linux-HOWTO.sgml,v 1.18 2002/08/20 00:48:04 child
Exp $
     _________________________________________________________________

Chapter 2. QuickStart

     * Recommend that you read the complete Mondo Rescue and Mindi LINUX
       HOWTO.
     * Install the tarball, RPM, or DEB Mindi package and mondo package.
       (see [44]Installation for more details)
     * Make a Mindi "Test" CD to checkout the compatibility of your
       system. (see [45]Testing Mindi for more details)
       Execute as root

bash# mindi
bash# cd /root/images/mindi

       (for CD-R)

bash# cdrecord dev=0,0,0 speed=2 mindi.iso

       (for CD-RW)

bash# cdrecord dev=0,0,0 speed=2 mindi.iso

       Reboot your system with the created Mindi CD, with the BIOS set to
       boot from CD. If the result is a command line in 'Expert' mode,
       your system checks out. Remove the CD and reboot your system.
     * Backup your system by executing a command line.

   Important

   When making a backup on a live system, there will always be processes
   running that will write out data on the system after you have made the
   backup and before you have made the compare, this will result in
   difference showing up when comparing youre backup. For a full
   explanation and what can be done to avoid this, please read this
   section.
       Example: (2 is the speed, modify for your CD writer)
       Example 2-1. A test backup 

bash# mondoarchive -Oc2 -d 0,0,0

     * This QuickStart covers the ideal case. Upon receiving any system
       feedback/errors, read each related HOWTO section.
     _________________________________________________________________

Chapter 3. Overview

3.1. Mondo Rescue

Mondo Rescue backs up your file system to CD. Mondo uses afio as the backup
engine. In the event of catastrophic data loss, you may restore some or all
of your system from those CD, even if your hard drives are now blank. Mondo
Rescue can do a lot of other cool things:

     * You can use Mondo to clone an installation of Linux.
     * You can backup a non-RAID file system and restore it as RAID
       including the root partition (if your kernel supports that).
     * You can backup a system running on one format and restore as
       another format.
     * You can restructure your partitions, e.g. shrink/enlarge, reassign
       devices, add hard drives, etc, before you partition and format
       your drives. Mondo will restore your data and amend /etc/lilo.conf
       and /etc/fstab accordingly.
     * You can backup Linux/Windows systems, including the boot sectors.
       Mondo will make everything right at restore-time. (However, do run
       "Scandisk" when you first boot into Windows, just in case.)
     * You can use your Mondo backup CD to verify the integrity of your
       computer.

   Mondo's principal virtue is that it protects you from the problems
   that can arise when you reinstall completely from scratch. If you want
   to wipe and restore your system every year just as a matter of 'good
   practice', Mondo is not for you.

   If Mondo eats your data, I shall apologize a lot but I am not to be
   held liable. I have tested it a thousand times on my own computer with
   my own data and with no alternate backup regime. It worked for me. If
   it didn't work for you, it's probably your fault. There, is that harsh
   enough for disclaimer or what?
     _________________________________________________________________

3.2. Mindi Linux

Mindi Linux creates a set of boot/root floppy disk images that will let you
perform basic system maintenance on your Linux distro. The principal virtues
of Minid's boot disks are the fact that they contain your kernel, modules,
tools and libraries. You can ask for additional binaries (or other files) to
be included on the kit. The libraries will be added for you.

Whichever modules were loaded at backup-time, they are reloaded at
boot-time. So, in theory, you will boot into almost the same environment as
you were in when you backed up. If you want to add files to your Mindi boot
disks, edit '<INSTALLPATH OF MINDI>/mindi/deplist.txt' and add the files to
that list. The added files and dependencies, will be spread across the data
disks at run-time.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.3. Linux Backup

Mondo Rescue and Mindi Linux are used primarily as Linux backup and cloning
tools. The fall in prices of CD-RW drives and writable discs allows current
users to keep good backups and future users to leverage the cloning
capability.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.4. Windows Backup

Backing up windows partitions.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.4.1. Windows ME/95/98

Verify that the partition is listed in /etc/fstab and is mounted (e.g.
/dev/hda1). Mondo will take care of everything else. The files will be
archived just like all other files in the live file system. At restore-time,
Mondo will take care of the boot sector of /dev/hda1 prior to the restore.

Note: if Windows ME/95/98 is not located on /dev/hda1 or /dev/sda1, then
Mondo will not take care of the boot sector of /dev/hda1. The user will have
to boot from a DOS floppy and run SYS C: to correct the Windows boot sector.
     _________________________________________________________________

3.4.2. Windows NT4/2K/XP

Windows NT4/2K/XP typically use the NTFS file system, not VFAT.. The user
should use '-x /dev/hda1' (or whichever device the Windows partition
resides). Mondo will treat the partition as a biggiefile. Mondo will also
add an entry to the mountlist to reflect the size and type of the partition.
The user may not edit that partition's size at restore-time (for obvious
reasons).
     _________________________________________________________________

3.5. Mondo Rescue and Mindi Linux History

Mondo Rescue was created in December 1999 as a utility to clone
Linux/Windows installations. Norton Ghost would not do the job, and my boss
wanted to jump on the Linux bandwagon. So, I wrote a few scripts and
shoehorned them into the latest Linux-Mandrake CD. Since that time, Mondo
grew into a disaster recovery suite for Linux and Windows. Mondo forced me
to learn about the kernel, its initrd initial ramdisk, modules, library
dependencies, disk partitioning, and the myriad differences between the Top
10 Linux distributions.
     _________________________________________________________________

Chapter 4. System Requirements

4.1. Hardware Requirements

Your computer must have:

     * Intel(R)-compatible CPU
     * 64MB of RAM (128MB recommended)
     * 800MB of hard disk space free

   Note: It is recommended that your computer have very good airflow. The
   backup with Mondo Rescue and Mindi Linux will utilize your CPU, CD
   drive and fixed disk(s) like very few other applications. With a few
   hours of system backup activity, computers without sufficient airflow
   may show symptoms such as not burning full CD discs. The solution is a
   $20 or less additional fan at your local electronics discount store.
     _________________________________________________________________

4.2. Linux Kernel Support

Your kernel must have:

     * stable loopfs support, which means it really needs to be 2.2.19 or
       2.4.7 (or later)
     * CD-ROM device support
     * ISO9660 file system support
     * initrd ramdisk support (built-in)
     * Virtual memory file system support (built-in)
     * floppy disk support (built in)
     * ext2 file system support (built-in)
     * Support for the backup media (Tape, CD-RW, NFS, Hard disk)
     * If the backup media is CD-RW then you need SCSI emulation also
     _________________________________________________________________

4.3. Linux Kernel Modules

Mondo (specifically Mindi) does not require any specific modules. It does
require that your kernel support the initrd initial ramdisk facility.
Typically this is supported by the Linux kernel. Modules used are needed to
support the CD, floppy disks, hard disks, etc. If the support is modular,
then the modules will be incorporated in a boot disk by Mindi. If the
support is built-in (static), then it will be available at boot-time by
default.
     _________________________________________________________________

4.4. Related Linux Packages

     * afio [46][tgz] [47][rpm]
     * buffer [48][tgz] [49][rpm]
     * bzip2 [50][tgz] [51][rpm]
     * cdrtools [52][tgz] [53][rpm]
     * ncurses [54][tgz] [55][rpm]
     * newt [56][tgz] [57][rpm]
     * Isolinux [58][tgz] [59][rpm]
     * lzo [60][tgz] [61][rpm]
     * lzop [62][tgz] [63][rpm]
     * mkisofs [64][tgz] [65][rpm]
     * slang [66][tgz] [67][rpm]
     * Alien (for Debian users wishing to convert RPMs to DEBs) [68][tgz]
       [69][rpm]
     * popt [70][tgz] [71][rpm]
     _________________________________________________________________

Chapter 5. Installation

5.1. Mindi

5.1.1. TGZ

If you are installing from a tarball then copy it to wherever you have
enough space, for example /tmp and type:

bash# cd /tmp
bash# tar -zxvf mindi-0.5x.tgz
bash# cd mindi-0.5x
bash# ./install.sh

   This installs mindi into /usr/local/share/mindi and installs links to
   the programs into /usr/local/sbin
     _________________________________________________________________

5.1.2. RPM

Or, if you are installing from an RPM then copy it to wherever you have
enough space, for example /tmp and type:

bash# rpm -Uvh /tmp/mindi-0.5x-x.i386.rpm

   This installs mindi into /usr/share/mindi and installs links to the
   programs into /usr/sbin
     _________________________________________________________________

5.1.3. DEB

Debian users may wish to first create a .deb file and then use the debian
package manager:

bash# cd /tmp
bash# alien mindi*.rpm
bash# dpkg -i mindi*.deb

   This installs mindi into /usr/share/mindi and installs links to the
   programs into /usr/sbin
     _________________________________________________________________

5.2. Mondo

5.2.1. TGZ

If you are installing from a tarball then copy it to wherever you have
enough space, for example /tmp and type:

bash# cd /tmp
bash# tar -zxvf mondo-1.4x.tgz
bash# cd mondo-1.4x
bash# ./configure && make && make install

   This installs mondo into /usr/local/share/mondo and installs links to
   the programs into /usr/local/bin
     _________________________________________________________________

5.2.2. RPM

Or, if you are installing from an RPM then copy it to copy it to wherever
you have enough space, for example /tmp and type:

bash# rpm -Uvh /tmp/mondo-1.4x-x.i386.rpm

   This  installs  mondo  into /usr/share/mondo and installs links to the
   programs into /usr/bin
     _________________________________________________________________

5.2.3. DEB

Debian users may wish to first create a .deb file and then use the debian
package manager:

bash# cd /tmp
bash# alien mondo*.rpm
bash# dpkg -i mondo*.deb

   This  installs  mondo  into /usr/share/mondo and installs links to the
   programs into /usr/bin
     _________________________________________________________________

Chapter 6. Testing Mindi

6.1. Making a Test CD

Since mindi is a vital part of the backup procedure, i would recommend
trying it out first to see if it can produce a bootable CD on you're system.

Make sure you are root while doing this, otherwise mindi will fail, now do
this.

Type:

bash# mindi

   Example screen output, selecting to use your own kernel, to create
   boot disks, and to create a bootable CD image:
Mindi Linux mini-distro generator v0.58 by HRabson <hugo@firstlinux.net>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Do you want to use your own kernel to build the boot disk (y/n) ? y
Your kernel is /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.14-k6 (v2.4.14-k6)
Generating list of dependency files........................ Done.
Analyzing your keyboard's configuration.
Adding the following keyboard mapping tables:................... Done
Dropping i686-optimized libraries if appropriate.............Done
Assembling dependency files........ Done.
The files have been subdivided into 2 directories.
Your mountlist will look like this:-
DEVICE MOUNTPOINT FORMAT SIZE (MB)
/dev/hda3 / ext2 996
/dev/hda2 swap swap 127
/dev/hda4 /usr ext2 6189
Tarring and zipping the groups......... Done.
Creating data disk #1...#2... Done.
1722KB boot disk was created OK............................ Done.
2880KB boot disk was created OK............................ Done.
In the directory '/root/images/mindi' you will find the images:-
mindi-boot.1722.img mindi-boot.2880.img mindi-data-1.img mindi-data-2.img
Would you like to create boot+data floppy disks now (y/n) ?y
WARNING! THIS WILL ERASE YOUR FLOPPY DISKS.
About to write boot disk. Please press ENTER.
Writing boot disk.................................................. Done.
About to write data disk #1. Please press ENTER.
Writing data disk #1........................... Done.
About to write data disk #2. Please press ENTER.
Writing data disk #2........................... Done.
Shall I make a bootable CD image? (y/n) y
Finished.

One 1.72MB boot disk, one 2.88MB boot disk and 2 data disks were created.

   If your kernel is too large (more than about 900KB) then you cannot
   make boot floppies, although you can still make a bootable CD image.
   The easiest way to test Mindi in either case is to say 'n' to its
   first question and 'y' to its second, then use the separate
   application cdrecord to make a bootable CD-R or CD-RW.
     _________________________________________________________________

6.2. Writing the Test CD image

Use the cdrecord application to write the CD image:

bash# cd /root/images/mindi
bash# cdrecord -scanbus

   The  output  of  the  above  call  to  cdrecord  will tell you your CD
   writer's  node.  It  is  usually  '0,0,0'. Choose one of the following
   calls to write the CD, depending on whether the disk in the drive is a
   CD-R  or  a CD-RW. Please replace 'x,x,x' with your writer's node. For
   further information, type 'man cdrecord" from a Linux command line.

   If writing to a CD-RW Drive/Disc:
   bash# cdrecord -blank fast dev=x,x,x speed=2 mindi.iso (for CD-RW)

   If writing to a CD-R Drive/Disc:
   bash# cdrecord dev=x,x,x speed=2 mindi.iso (for CD-R)
     _________________________________________________________________

Chapter 7. Backup

7.1. Trying

Mama does Mondo? Papa does Mondo? Is that a Dean Martin song? Well, anyway,
here is how I backup my system:

     * Shut down all possible applications (this minimizes any compare
       differences following the backup)
     * Type:

bash# cdrecord -scanbus
bash# cd /home
bash# mondoarchive -Ow 2 -d 0,0,0 -9

   Cdrecord will tell me where my CD recorder lives, in SCSI terms, which
   in my case is '0,0,0'. By running Mondo from my /home directory, I am
   asking Mondo to use my /home directory for temp storage space. This
   does not affect your data. Mondo creates a folder called
   'mondo.scratch' in your home directory; it then deletes it when it is
   done. Finally, the call to mondoarchive tells Mondo that I want to
   backup everything to a 2x CD-RW drive that has a CD-RW disk in it.
   (Use -Oc instead of -Ow if you are using CD-R.)

   Please put the first CD-R(W) in the drive now. You will be prompted to
   insert CD #2 but you will not be prompted to insert the first disk.
   However, if you forget, do not worry: if Mondo fails to write the
   first (or any) disk, it will offer to retry, abort or fail.

   I run Mondo at the highest compression available and then go to work.
   I then walk home at lunch (I live right by my workplace), change CD,
   eat lunch, and go back to work. When I get home, it has all been done.

   Your mileage may vary. Experiment. Find the speed/compression
   compromise that best suits your needs.
     _________________________________________________________________

7.2. Backup Command and Options

Backup Command:

mondoarchive <-option1> <-option2> ... <-optionN>

   E.g.,
   bash# mondoarchive -E /mnt/dos /mnt/cdrom -9 -Oc 2 -d 0,0,0

   Would  create  backup  CD  to  a  CD-R disc at the highest compression
   level,  writing  at  speed  2 and ignoring the /mnt/dos and /mnt/cdrom
   directories.

   To see a detailed list of switches and their meaning, see the [72]HTML
   man page on the website or type 'man mondoarchive' at the console.
     _________________________________________________________________

7.2.1. Standard Example With CD-R

bash# mondoarchive -Oc 2 -d 0,0,0

   Replace '2' in '-Oc2' with the writer's speed.

   Please  insert  the  first disk in the writer while the PC is chugging
   away. If Mondo needs additional CD-R(W) then it will ask for them.
     _________________________________________________________________

7.2.2. Standard Example With CD-RW

bash# mondoarchive -Ow 2 -d 0,0,0

   Replace '2' in '-Ow2' with the writer's speed.

   Please  insert  the  first disk in the writer while the PC is chugging
   away. If Mondo needs additional CD-R(W) then it will ask for them.
     _________________________________________________________________

7.2.3. Standard Example With Tape

bash# mondoarchive -Ot -d /dev/st0 -s 4g
     _________________________________________________________________

7.2.4. Failsafe Kernel Example w/CD-RW

bash# mondoarchive -k FAILSAFE -Ow 2 -d 0,0,0

   Due  to slight policy differences in the Debian distribution approach,
   the '-k FAILSAFE' option is typically needed with Debian.
     _________________________________________________________________

7.2.5. Network backup example

bash# mount 192.168.1.3:/home/nfs -t nfs /mnt/nfs
bash# mondoarchive -OVn 192.168.1.3:/home/nfs -g -s 200m
bash# umount /mnt/nfs

   The  resultant  ISO's can be burned to CD's if you want (which isn't a
   good  idea unless you're a Mondo expert because they'll try to restore
   over  a network by default, which is silly cos the archives are on the
   CD's). Or, you can boot from the Mindi floppies (or mindi.iso) and hit
   ENTER a few times to restore.
     _________________________________________________________________

Chapter 8. Compare

Before you trust your backup CD, make sure your BIOS can boot CD (and that
it is configured to do so).

     * Boot from the first CD.
     * Type:

   bash# compare

   Follow  the  on-screen  instructions.  This  will  compare your backup
   against your original file system.

   FYI,  no data loss has been reported since May 2000. Having said that,
   I  would  still  encourage  you  to  run  Compare  before trusting the
   backups.

   To  view  the  file  differences, look at the file '/tmp/changed.txt'.
   Normal  differences  include  logs and other dynamic system files that
   changed  during  the  time  of the backup process. If only a few files
   differ  -  e.g.  files  in  /var, files ending in '~', logs, temporary
   files, /etc/mtab, /etc/adjtimex - then you know the archives are good.
     _________________________________________________________________

Chapter 9. Restore

9.1. Overview

I hope you don't have to restore very often. It's nerve-wracking until you
realize that Mondo's restore engine is very reliable. I backup and restore
my system 2 or 3 times a week as part of the testing process. I have no
other backup regime, so it had better work.

If you find that you cannot make your PC boot from the CD, take heart: the
first backup CD of each set contains floppy disk images to give you the same
functionality as the CD (minus the archives, of course J) on floppies.
Remember, your Mondo CD is a fully functional CD-based mini-distribution as
well as a recovery CD.

You can choose from the following modes:

   Interactive
          Restore step-by-step, or restore a subset of the archives. This
          is the method you should mainly use for youre recover needs.

   Nuke
          Wipe your drives and restore everything, automatically and
          unattended. Warning: This does exactly what is says, so be
          carefull using it.

   Expert
          Boot to a shell prompt. If you want to do anything creative,
          you should boot into Expert Mode. It's called expert, i think
          that says it all.

   If the CD is not found during the initial restore CD boot attempt,
   reboot the PC a second time prior to reporting failure. Occasional
   timing errors and hardware/software/system conflicts do occur.
     _________________________________________________________________

9.2. Restore-Related Tips

Ideally, restore your system to a spare hard drive to test the integrity and
reliability of your disks. To do that, either edit your mountlist to make
the devices point to your spare hard drive, or swap your hard drive cables
between boots.

At a bare minimum, compare your CD against your file system before you
decide whether to trust them.

To test Mondo's ability to handle your LILO file:

     * Boot from the backup CD into Expert Mode
     * Type:

bash# mount-me
bash# stablilo-me
bash# unmount-me

     * To fix any mess it made, type:

   bash# lilo -r /mnt/RESTORING -c lilo.conf.pre-hack

     * (Oh, and later, copy lilo.conf.pre-hack back to lilo.conf.)
     _________________________________________________________________

9.2.1. Barebones (Nuke) Restore

Imagine that your hard drives happen to be wiped, deliberately or
accidentally. Or, imagine that you want to clone your existing operating
system. In either case, you want to run in Nuke Mode.

If you want to wipe everything and restore your whole system from CD,
please:

     * Boot from the first Mondo CD
     * Press <enter>
     * Insert the subsequent CD when asked
     * Watch the screen for errors

   That's it.

   Now,   should  something  go  wrong,  you  will  be  able  to  examine
   /tmp/mondo-restore.log  to see what happened. All is not lost. You can
   fdisk  and  format  the partitions yourself, using the tools that come
   with  the  CD.  You  can  then  mount  the  drives  manually  and type
   'restore-me' to restore all data; then run 'lilo -r /mnt/RESTORING' to
   reconfigure   the   boot  sectors;  finally,  unmount  the  partitions
   manually.  That  is as a last resort. I have never had to do that - at
   least, not with any published version of Mondo.

   If  you want to see exactly what Mondo is doing while it is restoring,
   press  <Alt><>  and  type 'tail -f /tmp/mondo-restore.log' to monitor
   its progress in detail.
     _________________________________________________________________

9.2.2. Interactive Restore

Interactive Mode is for people who have lost a subset of data from their
live file system, or perhaps who have lost some data from their latest
backup and want to restore a subset of data from an earlier backup. If you
want to restore only some files or if you do not want to prep/format your
drives, then you should boot into Interactive Mode. The interactive mode
will provide an 'Editing mountlist screen' that allows you to setup a
different disk geometry.

To move up and down between partitions in the 'Editing mountlist screen',
use the Up and Down arrows. To move between the main window and the buttons
at the bottom, use the Left and Right cursor keys. TAB shifts focus from one
screen item to the other in a haphazard fashion, owing to the complexities
of the Newt library.

If you want to restore selectively, just press <enter> and follow the
on-screen instructions. You will be asked to say yes/no to a range of
questions.

If you are planning to modify youre partition table, you would do well to
read up on the partition layout and the use of fdisk, it gives you some
could pointers on how to best lay out partitions. You can find good guide
her. [73]http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/Partition/index.html

If you want to restore a subset of the backup then:

     * Boot from the CD
     * Type:

   bash# interactive

     * Then, after booting, answer the questions as follows:

Do you want to partition your devices? yes
Do you want to format them? no
Do you want to restore everything? no
Do you want to restore something? yes
Which path do you want to restore? /home/hugo [e.g.]
Do you want to run LILO to setup your boot sectors? Yes
     _________________________________________________________________

9.2.3. Expert Restore

If you are planning to modify youre partition table, you would do well to
read up on the partition layout and the use of fdisk, it gives you some
could pointers on how to best lay out partitions. You can find good guide
her. [74]http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/Partition/index.html

To restore manually, please:

     * Boot from the first CD, then type:

   bash# expert

     * Then type the following:

   bash# pico /tmp/mountlist.txt

     * (edit the mountlist)

   bash# mondorestore
     _________________________________________________________________

9.2.4. Modified partitions - Restore to a different disk geometry

One of the nice things about Mondo is that it lets you wipe your existing
system and restore it in any layout you like (within reason). You can move
from non-RAID to RAID,install and utilize additional drives, move from ext2
to ReiserFS, etc., all without risking the loss of data.

If the user excluded a particular partition from backup and specifically
excluded it from the mountlist itself using -E then Mondo will insert a
small (32MB) partition at restore-time, in order to avoid having to re-jig
fstab, the partition table, etc.

To do this:

     * Boot into Expert Mode, then type:

   bash# expert

     * Wait for the shell prompt, then type:

   bash# pico /tmp/mountlist.txt

     * (edit the mountlist)

   Pico  is a text editor. You may edit the layout of the partitions, the
   sizes  and the formats before you format and restore them. If you have
   added a hard drive, list it here.

   If you want to move from ext2 to ReiserFS, you can do it here (so long
   as your kernel supports ReiserFS). Ditto for XFS, JFS or ext3.

   Stablilo-me  will  modify  your /etc/fstab to reflect changes you have
   made to the mountlist. If you are not using LILO, you can still create
   your  own  /mnt/RESTORING/etc/lilo.conf and run lilo -r /mnt/RESTORING
   to configure your boot sectors and Master Boot Record.

   Mondo  (technically, Mindi on behalf of Mondo) creates a file called a
   mountlist.  This can be found on the ramdisk at /tmp/mountlist.txt; it
   looks something like this:
/dev/hda1/mnt/windows vfat 4096000
/dev/hda5 / reiserfs 6023000>
/dev/hda6 /tmp xfs 955000
/dev/hda7 /usr xfs 4096000

   It is fairly easy to understand the list. Each line refers to a single
   device/partition. The line format is:
   <device> <partition> <format> <Kilobytes>

   If  you  have  added  a  hard  drive and want to take advantage of the
   additional space, you could amend the above mountlist to read:
/dev/hda1/mnt/windows vfat 6096000
/dev/hda5 / reiserfs 9123000
/dev/hda6 /tmp xfs 955000
/dev/hdb1 /usr xfs 8192000
/dev/hdb2 /home xfs 8192000

   This  assumes  that  your  old hard drive is /dev/hda and the new hard
   drive is /dev/hdb.

   Or,  if you want to add RAID support, create a new /etc/raidtab on the
   ramdisk  (which  is  beyond  the scope of this HOWTO) and then write a
   mountlist like this:
/dev/hda1 /mnt/windows vfat 6096000
/dev/md0 / reiserfs 9123000
/dev/md1 /tmp xfs 955000
/dev/md2 xfs 8192000
/dev/md3 /home xfs 8192000

   So  long  as  your  /etc/raidtab file is sane, Mondo can automatically
   partition and format your disks for you, including the RAID devices.

   Once you have finished editing /tmp/mountlist.txt (and /etc/raidtab if
   necessary) then you may run 'mondo-restore --interactive'.
     _________________________________________________________________

9.2.5. Advanced

Future content is planned for this section.

In principle, you could do everything by hand using the Mondo CD as a big
mini-distro. You could partition, format, mount and restore the disks
yourself. Mondo comes with scripts and tools to automate the process but in
a jam you could do everything manually.
     _________________________________________________________________

Chapter 10. Troubleshooting/FAQ

10.1. Overview

Are the errors from Mindi or Mondo? Look at /var/log/mondo-archive.log,
/var/log/mindi.log or the mondo.err.xxxxx.tgz log indicated by the screen
message. Pipe screen errors which relate to the creation of boot disk(s) and
or data disk(s) to a text file.

See the [75]web site for details. If you are going to e-mail the list (or
me) then please attach that text file and tell me:

     * Your kernel version
     * Your Linux distro's name and version
     * Whether your kernel supports initrd and loopfs; it should!
     * What sort of PC you are using, including hard disk configurations

   Mondo is freely available, you are given it for no charge and I am
   giving you technical support in my spare time. When you e-mail me,
   please bear this in mind.
     _________________________________________________________________

10.2. General

   Q: [76]What is "Mindi"? 
   Q: [77]Why is it called "Mondo"? 
   Q: [78]Mondo does not work on my system. It keels over and dies.
          What's wrong? 

   Q: [79]What if the error is in Mindi? 
   Q: [80]Can I trust Mondo? 
   Q: [81]How do I report a bug? 
   Q: [82]I think Mondo should (...insert suggestion here...) and I have
          rewritten it accordingly. Would you like to see my patch? 

   Q: [83]I think Mondo should (...insert suggestion here...); will you
          incorporate this feature for me, please? 

   Q: [84]Mondo says, "XXX is missing," and then terminates. What's
          wrong? 

   Q: [85]Can Mondo handle multi-CD backups and restores? 
   Q: [86]Can Mondo handle Linux/Windows dual-boot systems? 
   Q: [87]Can Mondo backup Windows-only systems? 
   Q: [88]Does Mondo support LVM? 
   Q: [89]What if I don't use LILO? What if I use GRUB? 
   Q: [90]Mondoarchive (or mondorestore) segfaults when I run it. What
          could be wrong? 

   Q: [91]I get the error, 'Cannot find /tmp/dev.0' or 'Cannot mount
          device 0x0701'; what do I do? 

   Q: [92]Can I create a Mondo CD and then use it to create an archive of
          any OS on any PC? 

   Q: [93]Why do you insist on putting floppy disk images on Mondo CD?
          They waste space and I never use them. The CD works just fine,
          so why keep the floppy disk images? 

   Q: [94]Why doesn't the Mondo project have a cool-looking animal logo? 
   Q: [95]Is there a Mondo user 'Code of Conduct? 

   Q: What is "Mindi"?

   A: Mindi, a.k.a. Mindi-Linux, makes a mini-distribution from your
   kernel, modules, modules, tools and libraries. It can also generate an
   El Torito 2.88MB boot disk image. Mondo uses Mindi to create a
   mini-distro, then boots from it and runs on it.

   Q: Why is it called "Mondo"?

   A: The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles described cool things as 'mondo'.
   I wasn't sure what to call this project. 'Faust' was one idea I had,
   partly as a dig at my former boss who practically owned me because of
   my legal status at the time. In the end, I chose something short and
   distinctive.

   Q: Mondo does not work on my system. It keels over and dies. What's
   wrong?

   A: It works on Red Hat 7.x, Linux-Mandrake 8.x, some flavors of SuSE,
   some flavors of Slackware, some flavors of Debian, etc. Do you have
   any idea how many little differences exist between these
   distributions? The more distributions I support, the more moving
   targets I have to hit. Please bear this in mind when e-mailing me. If
   you would like to help me by beta-testing Mondo (or Mindi) on your PC
   then I would be very interested in working with you to work around the
   eccentricities of youre Linux distro. However, rest assured, 90% of
   the bugs reported to me are actually symptoms of FooLinux X.Y's unique
   way of doing things.

   Q: What if the error is in Mindi?

   A: Then send me a copy of /var/log/mindi.log, along with a description
   of your distro, your kernel, etc.

   Q: Can I trust Mondo?

   A: Mondo has generated reliable archives since May 2000. I have lost
   data by using bad CD-R disks and not verifying their contents. Some
   users have not tried booting from their CD until crunch time. Remember
   to boot into Compare Mode to verify the backup before you trust it. If
   Mondo did not work, you would not be reading this. If it does not work
   for you, your kernel is usually the culprit. Check [96]Linux Kernel
   support to see what your kernel should support. Please e-mail the list
   (or me) if you need some help with this.

   Q: How do I report a bug?

   A: E-mail the bug report (mondo.err.xxxxx.tgz) to me. If you want to
   discuss it, please e-mail the list. The list is for talking; my e-mail
   address is for big files. :-) If you don't send me a logfile then
   there isn't a lot that I can do for you, so PLEASE include a logfile
   at the very least. Or, pop into #mondo on irc.redhat.com and see if
   I'm there.

   Q: I think Mondo should (...insert suggestion here...) and I have
   rewritten it accordingly. Would you like to see my patch?

   A: Absolutely! :-) The best way for you to make Mondo do what you want
   is to modify it and then send me the patch. That way, we can all
   benefit.

   Q: I think Mondo should (...insert suggestion here...); will you
   incorporate this feature for me, please?

   A: I'll definitely think about it. Would you like to help?

   Q: Mondo says, "XXX is missing," and then terminates. What's wrong?

   A: A good Linux distribution should contain XXX but the designers, in
   their infinite wisdom, decided not to include that particular tool.
   Check [97]Related Linux Packages and install the missing package. If
   that fails, contact the vendor/distributor/manufacturer/designer of
   your distro.

   Q: Can Mondo handle multi-CD backups and restores?

   A: Yes, up to twenty CD per set. This 20-CD limit results from
   laziness on my part. I can remove it at any time. However, if your
   system occupies more than 20 CD, may I recommend that you invest in a
   tape streamer?

   Q: Can Mondo handle Linux/Windows dual-boot systems?

   A: Yes. If your system currently boots into Linux or Windows via LILO,
   you can backup and restore both OSes at the same time using Mondo. If
   you are using NTFS then add the switch, '-x <device>'.

   Q: Can Mondo backup Windows-only systems?

   A: Sure, if you pay me to play catch-up to Microsoft. ;)

   Q: Does Mondo support LVM?

   A: Mondo supports LVM, yes. Mondo backs up and restores your existing
   setup but it does not make it easy for you to change your LVM
   configuration. You have to edit /tmp/i-want-my-lvm (IIRC) at boot-time
   to do that.

   Q: What if I don't use LILO? What if I use GRUB?

   A: GRUB is supported by current Mondo versions.

   Q: Mondoarchive (or mondorestore) segfaults when I run it. What could
   be wrong?

   A: Install from tarball instead of RPM. (Or, try RPM if you just
   installed from tarball.) Your compiler or your libraries may be fubar.
   We'll see. If that doesn't work then please e-mail the mailing list.

   Q: I get the error, 'Cannot find /tmp/dev.0' or 'Cannot mount device
   0x0701'; what do I do?

   A: Please free up /dev/loop0 using 'losetup /dev/loop0 -d' to unmount
   that loop device. If your OS will not let you do that, contact your
   local support group or Linux vendor.

   Q: Can I create a Mondo CD and then use it to create an archive of any
   OS on any PC?

   A: Not yet. You can use Mondo to backup Linux or Linux/Windows dual
   boot. One day, Mondo will let you backup partitions it can't read or
   write, by treating each partition as one long file to be backed up.
   This file will be chopped, compressed and archived like any other big
   file.

   Q: Why do you insist on putting floppy disk images on Mondo CD? They
   waste space and I never use them. The CD works just fine, so why keep
   the floppy disk images?

   A: Because of my old college buddy, Justin Case. If you really, truly
   want them gone then please submit a patch to make them optional.

   Q: Why doesn't the Mondo project have a cool-looking animal logo?

   A: Excellent question! Please submit graphics of candidate animal
   logos!

   Q: Is there a Mondo user 'Code of Conduct?

   A: Yes. Read the HOWTO. Submit patches. Recommend realistic
   improvements. Be courteous to other users on the discussion list. Do
   not whine.
     _________________________________________________________________

10.3. Kernel/Linux/Booting

   Q: [98]How do I know if Mondo works with my Linux distro? 
   Q: [99]When I try to boot from the Mondo CD, it says, "VFS: Unable to
          mount root fs." I am using a Debian distro. What do I do? 

   Q: [100]When I try to boot from the Mondo CD, it says, "Cannot mount
          root fs - kernel panic," or something similar. What do I do? 

   Q: [101]When I try to boot from the Mondo CD, it says, "Mounting
          /tmp/tmpfs...fatal error! Failed UPGRADE YOUR RAM". What does
          that mean? 

   Q: [102]When I try to boot from the Mondo CD, it says something about
          not finding my CD-ROM drive and then it blames the kernel. What
          does that mean? 

   Q: [103]The Mondo CD/floppy takes ages to boot. How can I speed it up?
          
   Q: [104]I made a Mondo CD using the failsafe kernel (i.e. I said 'no'
          when Mondo asked if I wanted to use my own kernel). It still
          doesn't boot. Help! 

   Q: [105]What if my PC won't boot from a CD? 
   Q: [106]But why won't Mondo boot from my CD? It says my kernel is
          flawed/outdated/ whatever, and when I wrote to you, you told me
          the same thing... but I still don't get it. I mean, my kernel
          works for everything else. Why not Mondo? 

   Q: [107]Why do I only need a boot disk if I'm using a tape drive?
          Where are the data disks? 

   Q: [108]Why does it say, "Process accounting FAILED" when I reboot? 
   Q: [109]Why does it say, "request_module[block-major-1]: Root fs not
          mounted VFS: Cannot open root device "100" or 01:00 Please
          append a correct "root=" boot option kernel panic: VFS: Unable
          to mount root fs on 01:00" when i boot from the CD? 

   Q: [110]How do i copy boot+data disk images to physical floppy disks ?
          
   Q: How do I know if Mondo works with my Linux distro?

   A: Check the [111]download page.

   Q: When I try to boot from the Mondo CD, it says, "VFS: Unable to
   mount root fs." I am using a Debian distro. What do I do?

   A: Ask Debian's designers why they, unlike every other distro I can
   find, have included cramfs and other 'goodies' with their kernel. In
   the meantime, please use '-k FAILSAFE' in your command line when
   calling Mondo.

   Q: When I try to boot from the Mondo CD, it says, "Cannot mount root
   fs - kernel panic," or something similar. What do I do?

   A: Recompile your kernel (or use '-k FAILSAFE'). Take a look at
   [112]Linux Kernel support to see what you're kernel must support.

   Q: When I try to boot from the Mondo CD, it says, "Mounting
   /tmp/tmpfs...fatal error! Failed UPGRADE YOUR RAM". What does that
   mean?

   A: Recompile your kernel and add Virtual memory file system support.
   Take a look at [113]Linux Kernel support to see what you're kernel
   must support.

   Q: When I try to boot from the Mondo CD, it says something about not
   finding my CD-ROM drive and then it blames the kernel. What does that
   mean?

   A: Your kernel must support initrd, loopfs, IDE CD-ROM's, and
   ramdisks. Take a look at [114]Linux Kernel support to see what you're
   kernel must support. If your kernel does not support these things,
   Mondo will not boot from your CD. However, when running Mindi, you may
   choose to use _its_ kernel instead of your own. In addition, you may
   boot from floppy disk images instead the CD: copy the disk images from
   the CD /images directory to floppy disks, using 'dd'. Take a look at
   [115]Copy boot data disks on how to make those.

   Q: The Mondo CD/floppy takes ages to boot. How can I speed it up?

   A: Edit /usr/local/mindi/mindi and change LILO_OPTIONS="" to
   LILO_OPTIONS="-c". This enables map compaction in lilo and speeds up
   booting, for more info see the lilo man page.

   Q: I made a Mondo CD using the failsafe kernel (i.e. I said 'no' when
   Mondo asked if I wanted to use my own kernel). It still doesn't boot.
   Help!

   A: OK, now _that_ is a bug. :-) I included a kernel with Mondo
   (technically, with Mindi, which Mondo uses) to make sure that users
   could use Mondo despite flaws in their own kernels. If you are using
   Mondo/Mindi's kernel but still cannot boot from your Mondo CD then
   please e-mail the list.

   Q: What if my PC won't boot from a CD?

   A: Copy the image files from the CD /images directory, using the dd
   command. Take a look at [116]Copy boot data disks on how to make
   those. Then boot from the first floppy; follow it up with the data
   disks; finally, type 'mount /mnt/cdrom' and then utilize the restore
   script as usual, e.g. mondorestore.

   Q: But why won't Mondo boot from my CD? It says my kernel is
   flawed/outdated/ whatever, and when I wrote to you, you told me the
   same thing... but I still don't get it. I mean, my kernel works for
   everything else. Why not Mondo?

   A: Because Mondo makes a boot disk using your kernel. I bet your other
   software doesn't do that. Also, not all kernels are suitable for boot
   disks. I'm sorry but that's Life. Upgrade your kernel and/or recompile
   it. Take a look at [117]Linux Kernel support to see what you're kernel
   must support.

   Q: Why do I only need a boot disk if I'm using a tape drive? Where are
   the data disks?

   A: On the tape. :-) The first 32MB of the tape will be set aside for a
   large tarball containing the data disks, a list of all files backed
   up, and other sundries. If Mondo and Mindi do their respective jobs
   then you won't need additional floppies, just the boot floppy and the
   tape(s).

   Q: Why does it say, "Process accounting FAILED" when I reboot?

   A: You were using Process Accounting. Red Hat (or whichever distro you
   are using) does not provide a startup/shutdown script yet. So, when
   you try to backup the process log, it just grows and grows as Mondo
   tries to back it up. Mondo doesn't back it up anymore and that's why.
   The unfortunate side-effect is... well, what you see on your screen.
   Type 'touch /var/log/pacct' and then 'paccton' to fix the error
   message.

   Q: Why does it say, "request_module[block-major-1]: Root fs not
   mounted VFS: Cannot open root device "100" or 01:00 Please append a
   correct "root=" boot option kernel panic: VFS: Unable to mount root fs
   on 01:00" when i boot from the CD?

   A: Recompile your kernel and add initrd support. Take a look at
   [118]Linux Kernel supportto see what you're kernel must support.

   Q: How do i copy boot+data disk images to physical floppy disks ?

   A: The images are in /root/images/mindi (eve if they are created by
   Mondo) and also in the 'images' directory on the first CD of your
   backup set, if you have backed up to CD. You can copy the images to
   disk as follows:-
[boot disk]
bash# fdformat /dev/fd0u1722
bash# dd if=/root/images/mindi/mindi-boot.1722.img of=/dev/fd0u1772

[data disk]
bash# fdformat /dev/fd0
bash# dd if=/root/images/mindi/mindi-data-N.img of=/dev/fd0

Replace N with 1, 2, etc.
     _________________________________________________________________

10.4. Installation

   Q: [119]Why do I get, "newt.h not found," several times when I try to
          install Mondo? 

   Q: [120]Newt won't compile when i try, what's the problem? 
   Q: [121]I've just used up 6 CD-R, only to find that Mondo won't boot! 

   Q: Why do I get, "newt.h not found," several times when I try to
   install Mondo?

   A: You have not installed libnewt and/or libnewt-devel. Please do so.
   Check [122]Related Linux Packages to see what Mondo requires and where
   you can get tarballs and RPM's.

   Q: Newt won't compile when i try, what's the problem?

   A: You are probably missing popt.h, which newt needs to compile, it
   can be found in the 'popt' package. Check you're distribution and see
   if they have popt, if not check [123]Related Linux Packages to see
   where you can get it.

   Q: I've just used up 6 CD-R, only to find that Mondo won't boot!

   A: You should have used CD-RW. ;) In the HOWTO, it gives instructions
   on how to create a test CD (one, not six).
     _________________________________________________________________

10.5. Hardware Related

   Q: [124]Can Mondo handle CD-RW? 
   Q: [125]Does Mondo support tape drives? 
   Q: [126]Does Mondo support tape drives? 
   Q: [127]How do I copy the floppy images from the CD to floppy disks? 
   Q: [128]Sometimes, my laptop won't mount Mondo CD properly, or
          something. Umm... 

   Q: [129]Does Mondo support RAID? 
   Q: [130]Where is my CD burner, in SCSI terms? 
   Q: [131]Can Mondo handle SCSI devices? 

   Q: Can Mondo handle CD-RW?

   A: Yes. Use '-Ow <speed> <device>' to make it work.

   Q: Does Mondo support tape drives?

   A: Yes. See above.

   Q: Does Mondo support tape drives?

   A: Yes. See above.

   Q: How do I copy the floppy images from the CD to floppy disks?

   A: Mount the CD-ROM, e.g. at /mnt/cdrom. Insert a blank floppy. Type:
bash# cd /mnt/cdrom/images
bash# dd if=mindi-boot.1722.img of=/dev/fd0u1722

   Insert another blank floppy and type:
   bash# dd if=mindi-data-1.img of=/dev/fd0u1722

   Do the above for each 'mindi-data' disk image.

   Q: Sometimes, my laptop won't mount Mondo CD properly, or something.
   Umm...

   A: Please insert the CD, close the CD-ROM tray, wait a few seconds and
   then press Enter to acknowledge insertion of the next CD. Your laptop
   is on crack and is sucking a little too hard on the pipe.

   Q: Does Mondo support RAID?

   A: Yes. You may backup and restore RAID systems. You may also backup a
   non-RAID system and restore as RAID (or vice versa) by using the
   mountlist editor to edit your RAID and non-RAID partitions and their
   settings. Mondo will do the partitioning and formatting for you.

   Q: Where is my CD burner, in SCSI terms?

   A: Type:
   bash# cdrecord -scanbus

   Find your CD burner's device# (e.g. '0,0,0'). Call Mondo with the
   switch '-Oc <speed>' -d '<device>'. Or, if you feel lucky, just use
   '-Oc 2'; Mondo will (a) assume you want to write at 4x to

   a CD-R and (b) will do its best to find your CD burner.

   Q: Can Mondo handle SCSI devices?

   A: Mondo should be able to handle almost any hardware. So long as your
   kernel and modules support it, Mindi will support it and therefore so
   will Mondo.
     _________________________________________________________________

10.6. Backup

   Q: [132]Can Mondo burn CD as they are created? 
   Q: [133]When I try to backup to CD, cdrecord/mkisofs returns an error.
          Nothing else appears to be wrong. What do I do? 

   Q: [134]Mondo failed to burn my CD. It said something like, "Error CDB
          A1 01 02 53 ..." and so on. What does that mean? 

   Q: [135]May I backup my system with one partition layout and restore
          with another? 

   Q: [136]Why does Mondo need so much free disk space? 
   Q: [137]Will Mondo backup partitions whose formats are not understood
          by Linux, such as NTFS? 

   Q: [138]I am trying to do something clever, e.g. write my ISO's to an
          NFS mount, and I get some weird error messages. What do I do? 

   Q: [139]Can Mondo backup to data files on another partition, e.g. an
          NFS mount? 

   Q: [140]Can Mondo backup _to_ an NFS partition, i.e. backup over a
          network? How about restoring? 

   Q: [141]Does Mondo handle System or Hidden attributes when archiving
          Dos/Win files? 

   Q: [142]Why do you include IO.SYS and MSDOS.SYS in mondo-vfat, when
          they belong to Microsoft and are copyrighted? 

   Q: Can Mondo burn CD as they are created?

   A: Yes. Use the '-Oc <speed> <device>' switch. Use a negative number
   for a dummy burn.

   Q: When I try to backup to CD, cdrecord/mkisofs returns an error.
   Nothing else appears to be wrong. What do I do?

   A: Upgrade cdrecord and mkisofs.

   Q: Mondo failed to burn my CD. It said something like, "Error CDB A1
   01 02 53 ..." and so on. What does that mean?

   A: Cdrecord reported some serious errors while trying to burn your CD.
   Check your CD burner, your CD-R and your kernel.

   Q: May I backup my system with one partition layout and restore with
   another?

   A: Yes. Boot in Interactive Mode and edit the mountlist using the
   snazzy new mountlist editor. Mondo can now edit your RAID partitions
   for you. Just open /dev/md0 (or whatever) and select "RAID.." to
   start. Or, to add a RAID device:

     * Add two or more partitions, of type and mountpoint 'raid'
     * Add device '/dev/md0' and click OK
     * Follow the prompts and your own common-sense :)

   Q: Why does Mondo need so much free disk space?

   A: Because I'm a bitter, twisted man who lives to torment you.
   Mwahahahaha! :-) Mondo has to work around the inadequacies of mkisofs,
   cdrecord and your own Linux distribution; in return, it asks for a lot
   of free disk space.

   Q: Will Mondo backup partitions whose formats are not understood by
   Linux, such as NTFS?

   A: Yes. Use '-x <device>'. (You can have more than one device.)

   Q: I am trying to do something clever, e.g. write my ISO's to an NFS
   mount, and I get some weird error messages. What do I do?

   A: Well, (a) use '-T /tmp' or '-T /home' or something in your call to
   Mondo. Oh, and (b) send me /var/log/mondo-archive.log, please :-)

   Q: Can Mondo backup to data files on another partition, e.g. an NFS
   mount?

   A: Yes. Just backup as usual but add '-d /mnt/nfs' or wherever your
   partition is mounted; don't use '-Oc' or '-Ot' at all; just '-Oi -d
   /root'. Then, after booting from the floppies which Mondo generates,
   you need to type 'ISO' at the console.

   Q: Can Mondo backup _to_ an NFS partition, i.e. backup over a network?
   How about restoring?

   A: Yes. Use '-On <mount> <directory>'. On my system, I use:
   bash# mondoarchive -On 192.168.1.3:/home/nfs

   Q: Does Mondo handle System or Hidden attributes when archiving
   Dos/Win files?

   A: No. It probably never will, either. Sorry.

   Q: Why do you include IO.SYS and MSDOS.SYS in mondo-vfat, when they
   belong to Microsoft and are copyrighted?

   A: Well, I used to, but I don't anymore. However, if you do have a
   Windows partition, you can still use 'format-and-kludge-vfat
   <DEVICE>/' to format and make bootable a VFAT partition. AFAIK, I am
   the only person to write a Linux equivalent of the DOS "SYS" command.
     _________________________________________________________________

10.7. Compare

   Q: [143]When I compare my archives to my file system, Mondo tells me
          there are differences or errors. Are the archives bad? 

   Q: When I compare my archives to my file system, Mondo tells me there
   are differences or errors. Are the archives bad?

   A: Look at /tmp/changed.files; if the files are logfiles, temp files
   or files which you think you may have changed recently then the
   archives are simply out of date, albeit only by a few minutes. Not a
   problem. However, if lots of files in /usr have changed or if you get
   lots of _errors_ then perhaps your CD, your tapes or even your
   hardware could be to blame. Check your CD writer or tape streamer.
     _________________________________________________________________

10.8. Restore

   Q: [144]Can Mondo help me move/resize/re-allocate my partitions? 
   Q: [145]My zip drive is a SCSI drive. When I restore, Mondo craps out,
          saying it can't mount the drive (because there is no disk in
          it). What do I do? 

   Q: [146]I recieved a message like, 'Fileset NNN failed' during
          restore. What does it mean. 

   Q: [147]Why does my ext3 partition have less space free than when I
          backed it up? 

   Q: Can Mondo help me move/resize/re-allocate my partitions?

   A: Yes. Just backup your system in Interactive Mode using Mondo. Edit
   the mountlist when prompted.

   Q: My zip drive is a SCSI drive. When I restore, Mondo craps out,
   saying it can't mount the drive (because there is no disk in it). What
   do I do?

   A: Restore in Interactive Mode. Delete the SCSI drive from the
   mountlist before you restore. Then Mondo won't try to partition or
   format it. Next time you backup, use -E /dev/sdd (or whatever your zip
   drive is). The /dev entry will be excluded from the mountlist but not
   from the filelist. So, when you restore, you won't accidentally
   reformat your zip disk. However, after restoring, you will find that
   /dev/sdd (the _file_) will be present in your /dev directory. Cool,
   eh?

   Q: I recieved a message like, 'Fileset NNN failed' during restore.
   What does it mean.

   A: It usually means either you had a very large (>2GB) file which was
   not archived owing to a flaw in your distro or your filesystem has
   changed in relation to the backup.

   Q: Why does my ext3 partition have less space free than when I backed
   it up?

   A: Mondo creates a 10MB journal file area. Your journal was probably
   smaller than that, hence the difference.
     _________________________________________________________________

10.9. Hugo

   Q: [148]Who are you, anyway? 
   Q: [149]How should I pronounce your last name? 
   Q: [150]I'm still reading this FAQ. Shouldn't I get a prize or
          something? 

   Q: [151]What if my browser doesn't support cookies? 

   Q: Who are you, anyway?

   A: My name is Hugo Rabson (<[152]hugo@firstlinux.net>) and I was born
   in England. I emigrated in late August '99 to be with my wonderful
   wife, Jeanette (who is now my equally wonderful ex-wife). I worked for
   WebMD Transaction Services Division until my visa ran out. I am now in
   England, temping for $$$ and working on Mondo. If you have any
   comments or questions, please join the mailing list (on the web page).

   Q: How should I pronounce your last name?

   A: Hugo Rabson - rhymes with 'bubo scabs-on'. *shrug* Well, it dows.
   :) Please don't make Rabson sound like Robson. I get that all the time
   in England.

   Q: I'm still reading this FAQ. Shouldn't I get a prize or something?

   A: Yes, here's a cookie. Enjoy. :-)

   Q: What if my browser doesn't support cookies?

   A: *groan* Corky, quit messing with me, dawg...

References

   1. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#ABOUTTHISGUIDE
   2. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#PURPOSE
   3. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#FEEDBACK
   4. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
   5. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#VERSION
   6. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#QUICKSTART
   7. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#OVERVIEW
   8. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#MONDORESCUE
   9. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#MINDILINUX
  10. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#LINUXBACKUP
  11. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#WINDOWSBACKUP
  12. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#HISTORY
  13. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#SYSTEMREQUIREMENTS
  14. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#HARDWAREREQUIREMENTS
  15. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#KERNELSUPPORT
  16. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#KERNELMODULES
  17. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#LINUXPACKAGES
  18. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#INSTALLATION
  19. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#MINDIINSTALLATION
  20. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#MONDOINSTALLATION
  21. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#TESTINGMINDI
  22. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#MAKEMINDITESTCD
  23. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#WRITINGMINDITESTCD
  24. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#BACKUP
  25. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#BACKUPTRYING
  26. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#BACKUPCOMMANDS
  27. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#COMPARE
  28. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#RESTORE
  29. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#RESTOREOVERVIEW
  30. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#RESTORETIPS
  31. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#FAQ
  32. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#FAQOVERVIEW
  33. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#FAQGENERAL
  34. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#FAQBOOTING
  35. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#FAQINSTALLATION
  36. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#FAQHARDWARERELATED
  37. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#FAQBACKUP
  38. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#FAQCOMPARE
  39. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#FAQRESTORE
  40. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#FAQHUGO
  41. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN100
  42. http://www.microwerks.net/~hugo/
  43. mailto:hugo@firstlinux.net
  44. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#INSTALLATION
  45. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#TESTINGMINDI
  46. http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/linux/system/backup/afio-2.4.7.tgz
  47. http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=afio
  48. http://www.microwerks.net/~hugo/download/download/buffer-1.19.tgz
  49. ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/contrib/libc6/i386/buffer-1.19-1.i386.rpm
  50. ftp://sourceware.cygnus.com/pub/bzip2/v100/bzip2-1.0.1.tar.gz
  51. http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=bzip2
  52. ftp://ftp.fokus.gmd.de/pub/unix/cdrecord/
  53. http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=cdrecord
  54. ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/ncurses/
  55. http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=ncurses
  56. ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/Newt/Newt-1.08.tar.gz
  57. http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=newt
  58. http://syslinux.zytor.com/iso.php
  59. http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=isolinux
  60. http://www.oberhumer.com/opensource/lzo/
  61. http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=lzo
  62. http://www.oberhumer.com/opensource/lzop/
  63. http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=lzop
  64. ftp://ftp.fokus.gmd.de/pub/unix/cdrecord/mkisofs/mkisofs-1.13.tar.gz
  65. http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=mkisofs
  66. ftp://space.mit.edu/pub/davis/slang/v1.4/slang-1.4.4.tar.gz
  67. http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=slang
  68. http://kitenet.net/programs/code/alien/alien_8.00.tar.gz
  69. http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=alien
  70. ftp://ftp.rpm.org/pub/rpm/dist/rpm-4.0.x/
  71. http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=popt
  72. http://www.microwerks.net/~hugo/download/mondoarchive.1.html
  73. http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/Partition/index.html
  74. http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/Partition/index.html
  75. http://www.microwerks.net/~hugo
  76. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN496
  77. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN501
  78. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN506
  79. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN511
  80. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN516
  81. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN522
  82. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN527
  83. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN532
  84. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN537
  85. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN543
  86. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN548
  87. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN553
  88. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN558
  89. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN563
  90. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN568
  91. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN573
  92. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN578
  93. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN583
  94. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN588
  95. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN593
  96. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#KERNELSUPPORT
  97. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#LINUXPACKAGES
  98. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN601
  99. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN607
 100. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN612
 101. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN618
 102. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN624
 103. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN631
 104. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN636
 105. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN641
 106. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN647
 107. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN653
 108. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN658
 109. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN663
 110. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#COPYBOOTDATADISK
 111. http://www.microwerks.net/~hugo/download.html
 112. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#KERNELSUPPORT
 113. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#KERNELSUPPORT
 114. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#KERNELSUPPORT
 115. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#COPYBOOTDATADISK
 116. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#COPYBOOTDATADISK
 117. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#KERNELSUPPORT
 118. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#KERNELSUPPORT
 119. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN678
 120. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN684
 121. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN690
 122. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#LINUXPACKAGES
 123. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#LINUXPACKAGES
 124. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN698
 125. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN703
 126. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN708
 127. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN713
 128. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN722
 129. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN727
 130. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN732
 131. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN740
 132. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN748
 133. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN753
 134. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN758
 135. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN763
 136. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN775
 137. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN780
 138. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN785
 139. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN790
 140. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN795
 141. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN801
 142. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN806
 143. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN814
 144. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN822
 145. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN827
 146. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN832
 147. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN837
 148. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN845
 149. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN851
 150. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN856
 151. file://localhost/tmp/html-PS9GnW#AEN861
 152. mailto:hugo@firstlinux.net
